Effects of green space spatial pattern on land surface temperature: Implications for sustainable urban planning and climate change adaptation     

《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2014

The urban heat island (UHI) refers to the phenomenon of higher atmospheric and surface temperatures occurring in urban areas than in the surrounding rural areas. Mitigation of the UHI effects via the configuration of green spaces and sustainable design of urban environments has become an issue of increasing concern under changing climate. In this paper, the effects of the composition and configuration of green space on land surface temperatures (LST) were explored using landscape metrics including percentage of landscape (PLAND), edge density (ED) and patch density (PD). An oasis city of Aksu in Northwestern China was used as a case study. The metrics were calculated by moving window method based on a green space map derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery, and LST data were retrieved from Landsat TM thermal band. A normalized mutual information measure was employed to investigate the relationship between LST and the spatial pattern of green space. The results showed that while the PLAND is the most important variable that elicits LST dynamics, spatial configuration of green space also has significant effect on LST. Though, the highest normalized mutual information measure was with the PLAND (0.71), it was found that the ED and PD combination is the most deterministic factors of LST than the unique effects of a single variable or the joint effects of PLAND and PD or PLAND and ED. Normalized mutual information measure estimations between LST and PLAND and ED, PLAND and PD and ED and PD were 0.7679, 0.7650 and 0.7832, respectively. A combination of the three factors PLAND, PD and ED explained much of the variance of LST with a normalized mutual information measure of 0.8694. Results from this study can expand our understanding of the relationship between LST and street trees and vegetation, and provide insights for sustainable urban planning and management under changing climate.  相似文献   

基于资源三号卫星影像的城市绿地信息提取方法探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王野 《测绘工程》2014,(7):65-67

我国高分遥感卫星的发展为城市绿地的规划、建设和改造提供有力的技术支持。研究利用资源三号卫星全色和多光谱影像,以国内某城市为例,采用基于规则的面向对象分类技术获取城市绿地。研究提出的技术方案,简单易行,具有较好的应用性。对于推动资源三号卫星在国土资源和城市规划方面的应用具有重要意义。  相似文献   

四种绿藻和四种褐藻脂肪酸组成的比较研究     

彭全材  宋金明  张全斌  林强 《海洋科学》2014,38(4):27-33

对绿藻门和褐藻门8种大型海藻的脂肪酸组成进行了研究,发现两类海藻都有其特征脂肪酸或有几种特征脂肪酸组合做为其化学分类的标记。4种绿藻的主要脂肪酸是16:0、16:1ω7、18:4ω3、18:1ω7、18:2ω6、18:3ω3、18:1ω9,其中18:1ω7和18:3ω3的含量相对较高;4种褐藻中16:0、18:1ω9、18:2ω6、18:3ω3、18:4ω3、20:5ω3、20:4ω6的含量占绝对优势,十八碳和二十碳多不饱和脂肪酸是褐藻门脂肪酸的典型特征。另外,褐藻中含有较高含量的EPA,海带和裙带菜尤为明显。对2门类5属8株海藻所含脂肪酸进行聚类分析的结果显示海藻各门及种间的亲缘关系,表明利用静态条件下海藻脂肪酸的聚类分析结果,可在一定程度上判别海藻在分类上亲缘关系的远近,海藻脂肪酸组成的差异可以作为海藻分类的一个辅助技术手段。  相似文献   

Computing least air pollution exposure routes     

Monir H. Sharker 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(2):343-362

Personalized routing counts on traveler’s preferences which are usually based on different criteria, such as shortest, fastest, least traffic, or less expensive (e.g., less fuel cost, toll free). However, people are increasingly becoming concerned about the adverse health effects of exposure to air pollution in chosen routes. Exposures to elevated air pollution concentrations particularly endanger children, pregnant women, elderly people, and people with asthma and other respiratory conditions. Choosing routes with least air pollution exposure (APE) is seen as one approach to minimize the level of pollution exposed, which is a major public health issue. Routing algorithms use weights on segments of road networks to find optimum routes. While existing weights are commonly distance and time, among a few others, there is currently no weight based on APE to compute least APE routes. In this paper, we present a weight function that computes weight based on APE. Two different approaches, geostatistical and non-geostatistical, were used to compute APE weight. Each approach was evaluated, and the results indicate that the APE weight is suitable for computing least APE routes.  相似文献   

基于高分辨率PS-DInSAR的城郊地表沉降监测     

阚晓云 《北京测绘》2014,(6):5-8

随着城市的扩张,大型城市的郊区逐步成为新的工业生产及居民中心,为满足生产及生活用水需求,地下水被大量开采,进而导致地表沉降。目前对地表沉降的监测多集中在城市区域,城郊的地表沉降较少受到关注。本文提出使用高分辨率永久散射体（PS）雷达盖分干涉（PS-DInSAR）技术对大型城市郊区的沉降进行监测。选取某市城郊为实验区,使用覆盖该区的16幅高分辨率TerraSAR影像为数据进行PS-DIn-SAR沉降建模和解算,获取了谈区大范围的高分辨率沉降信息。谈市效区最大年沉降速度达到62mm/a（即年沉降量）,平均沉降速度为24mm/a。分析表明,该区域的不均匀沉降与地下水的开采密切相关。  相似文献   

基于GIS技术的"数字油田"建设与应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

毛锋  艾丽双  何生厚 《地理信息世界》2004,2(1):34-38

石油石化工业是我国的支柱能源工业,石油石化企业的信息化不仅需求迫切,且因其研究对象是地下流动的物体而变得极其复杂：油田是其企业的主体和利润的主要来源,“数字油田”的建设是石油石化企业信息化成功的关键,由于油田一般空间跨度大、地上地下资料多而复杂,GIS技术是“数字油田”建设的关键技术;现主要介绍基于GIS技术建设“数字油田”的技术、方法和应用。  相似文献   

天津市汉沽区深层地下水演变研究     

胡海军  宫爱玺 《地下水》2014,(2):22-24

根据天津市汉沽区地下水历史资料,分析区域地下水开采量、水位埋深、地面沉降变化及它们之间的联系等。发现汉沽区地下水处于长期超采状态,地下水位也呈逐年下降趋势,地面不断下沉,地下水的过量开采是引起地面沉降和水位持续下降的主要原因。通过建立汉沽区地下水流-地面沉降模型,设定三个水平年地下水开采方案,预测未来地下水位埋深及地面沉降变化。预测表明,随着地下水开采量的消减,地下水位逐步上升,地面下沉趋势可得到遏制。  相似文献   

新疆阿尔泰伟晶岩中绿柱石拉曼光谱特征研究——以可可托海3号脉与阿祖拜328、528号脉为例     

周天怡  陈衍景  张辉 《岩石矿物学杂志》2014,33(S2):77-84

本文对新疆可可托海3号伟晶岩脉中的绿柱石与阿祖拜328、528号伟晶岩脉中的宝石级绿柱石开展拉曼光谱对比研究,获得以下主要结论: ① 阿祖拜328、528号伟晶岩脉中宝石级绿柱石以富含Ⅰ型H₂O为特征,可可托海3号脉早期形成的结构带(Ⅰ-Ⅱ带)中绿柱石以及相对富H₂O岩浆体系中形成的绿柱石(Ⅳ带)以存在Ⅰ型H₂O为主,演化程度相对较高,岩浆体系中结晶的结构带(Ⅲ带)以及岩浆-热液过渡阶段体系形成的结构带(Ⅴ带)中绿柱石以含有Ⅱ型H₂O为特征; ② 在可可托海3号脉以及阿祖拜328号、528号脉绿柱石矿物中均发现冰晶石矿物包体,指示伟晶岩岩浆含有较高的F含量;③ 绿柱石通道水类型(Ⅰ型H₂O、Ⅱ型H₂O)及相对比例,是伟晶岩岩浆-热液演化过程及其形成条件的响应,在相对氧化的岩浆体系中主要形成绿柱石矿物,而相对还原的富H₂O岩浆体系更有利于海蓝宝石形成.  相似文献   

墨绿色仿翡翠品的宝石学特征     

李锐  ;徐志  ;熊燕  ;张佩文  ;张跃峰 《地质科学译丛》2014,(5):49-54

我国玉器市场的繁荣发展,使得玉器优劣并存,导致大量墨绿色“石材”充斥市场,充当翡翠销售.在广东玉器加工批发集散市场上收集了多种墨绿色仿翡翠原料,挑选具有代表性的4件原料进行测试分析.通过宝石显微镜观察、折射率、密度以及红外光谱、X射线粉末衍射、偏光显微镜薄片鉴定等测试方法进行对比研究.该4件样品的密度、折射率与翡翠一致,红外反射光谱与绿辉石非常相似,但其结构特征、矿物组成明显区别于翡翠.综合国标判定,该4件样品均为仿翡翠品.笔者提醒,常规宝石学测试和红外光谱测试不易区分此类制品,而加强基础性研究、提高镜下鉴定能力是防范检测风险的有效途径.  相似文献   

New Thoughts of Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Salt Lake Resources in Qinghai Province     

DU Guangwei 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z1):417-417

正Qinghai Province has unique salt lake resources in China characterized by multicomponent,big storage,multi types and easy exploitation.These salt lake resources are concentrated in Qaidam Basin.  相似文献